Dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) are composed of two CD103⁺ subsets that differ in CD11b expression. We report here that Langerin is expressed by human LP DCs and that transgenic human langerin drives expression in CD103⁺CD11b⁺ LP DCs in mice. This subset was ablated in huLangerin-DTA mice, resulting in reduced LP Th17 cells without affecting Th1 or T reg cells. Notably, cognate DC–T cell interactions were not required for Th17 development, as this response was intact in huLangerin-Cre I-Aβ^fl/fl mice. In contrast, responses to intestinal infection or flagellin administration were unaffected by the absence of CD103⁺CD11b⁺ DCs. huLangerin-DTA x BatF3^−/− mice lacked both CD103⁺ LP DC subsets, resulting in defective gut homing and fewer LP T reg cells. Despite these defects in LP DCs and resident T cells, we did not observe alterations of intestinal microbial communities. Thus, CD103⁺ LP DC subsets control T cell homeostasis through both nonredundant and overlapping mechanisms.